![]() It is often desirable, however, to be able to send non-textual data through text-based systems, such as when one might attach an image file to an e-mail message. For example, if the value of the eighth bit is not preserved, the program might interpret a byte value above 127 as a flag telling it to perform some function. Many computer programs came to rely on this distinction between seven-bit text and eight-bit binary data, and would not function properly if non-ASCII characters appeared in data that was expected to include only ASCII text. Files that contain machine-executable code and non-textual data typically contain all 256 possible eight-bit byte values. In contrast, most computers store data in memory organized in eight-bit bytes. ![]() Systems based on ASCII use seven bits to represent these values digitally. For example, the capital letter A is ASCII character 65, the numeral 2 is ASCII 50, the character } is ASCII 125, and the metacharacter carriage return is ASCII 13. 2 7) unique values (0–127) to represent the alphabetic, numeric, and punctuation characters commonly used in English, plus a selection of control codes which do not represent printable characters. With this it is possible to encode 128 (i.e. The ASCII text-encoding standard uses 7 bits to encode characters. Thus, only the 94 printable ASCII characters are "safe" to use to convey data. Those communication protocols may only be 7-bit safe (and within that avoid certain ASCII control codes), and may require line breaks at certain maximum intervals, and may not maintain whitespace. The basic need for a binary-to-text encoding comes from a need to communicate arbitrary binary data over preexisting communications protocols that were designed to carry only English language human-readable text. PGP documentation ( RFC 4880) uses the term " ASCII armor" for binary-to-text encoding when referring to Base64. These encodings are necessary for transmission of data when the channel does not allow binary data (such as email or NNTP) or is not 8-bit clean. More precisely, it is an encoding of binary data in a sequence of printable characters. ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ī binary-to-text encoding is encoding of data in plain text. ( September 2022) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as Reflinks ( documentation), reFill ( documentation) and Citation bot ( documentation). ![]() Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style. This article uses bare URLs, which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot.
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